\begin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth,
    every node/.style={fill=white, inner sep=1pt},
]
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\factorx}{0.1}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\factory}{0.005}
    \draw [->] (0, 0) -- (5.2, 0) node[below=0.1] {水深(米)};
    \draw [->] (0, 0) -- (0, 3.8) node[left=0.2em] {库容(万($\lfm$))};
    \draw (0, 0) coordinate(O) node [below left] {\small $0$};
    \foreach \x in {5, 10, ..., 40} {
        \draw (\factorx * \x, 0) -- (\factorx * \x, -0.15) node [below] {\small $\x$};
    }
    \foreach \y in {100, 200, ..., 600} {
        \draw (0, \factory * \y) -- (-0.15, \factory * \y) node[left] {\small $\y$};
    }
    \foreach \y in {50, 150, ..., 550} {
        \draw (0, \factory * \y) -- (-0.15, \factory * \y);
    }

    \draw plot [smooth] coordinates{
        %            x               y
        (            0,              0)
        (\factorx *  5, \factory *  25)
        (\factorx * 10, \factory *  50)
        (\factorx * 15, \factory * 100)
        (\factorx * 20, \factory * 175)
        (\factorx * 25, \factory * 275)
        (\factorx * 30, \factory * 450)
        (\factorx * 32, \factory * 550)
    };
\end{tikzpicture}

